Micron Document




APG III system
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The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Published in 2009, it was superseded in 2016 by a further revision, the APG IV system.cite-ref-apgiii-1-0[1]cite-ref-2[2]cite-ref-3[3]

Along with the publication outlining the new system, there were two accompanying publications in the same issue of the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society:

• The first, by Chase & Reveal, was a formal phylogenetic classification of all land plants (embryophytes), compatible with the APG III classification. As the APG have chosen to eschew ranks above order, this paper was meant to fit the system into the existing Linnaean hierarchy for those that prefer such a classification. The result was that all land plants were placed in the class Equisetopsida, which was then divided into 16 subclasses and a multitude of superorders.cite-ref-4[4]
• The second, by Haston et al., was a linear sequence of families following the APG III system (LAPG III). This provided a numbered list to the 413 families of APG III. A linear sequence is of particular use to herbarium curators and those working on floristic works wishing to arrange their taxa according to APG III.cite-ref-5[5]

Contents

Rosids

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Organization

The APG III system recognized all of the 45 orders of the previous system, as well as 14 new ones. The order Ceratophyllales was erroneously marked as a new order, as it had been recognized in both of the previous APG systems. The newly recognized orders were:


The designation of alternative "bracketed families" was abandoned in APG III, because its inclusion in the previous system had been unpopular. APG III recognized 413 families, 43 fewer than in the previous system. Forty-four of the 55 "bracketed families" were discontinued, and 20 other families were discontinued as well.

The discontinued bracketed families were:


The other discontinued families were:


21 families were accepted in the APG III system which had not been in the previous system, and a few families were moved to a different position. The newly recognized families are:


The number of families not placed in any order was reduced from 39 to 10. Apodanthaceae and Cynomoriaceae were placed among the angiosperms, incertae sedis, that is, not in any group within the angiosperms. Eight other families were placed incertae sedis in various supra-ordinal groups within the angiosperms. The families not placed in any order were:


The paragraph below shows the number of families in each order and the placement of those families that were not included in any order. These figures were produced by simply counting the families in the text of the paper that established APG III.cite-ref-apgiii-1-1[1]

ORDERS: Amborellales (1), Nymphaeales (3), Austrobaileyales (3), Chloranthales (1), Canellales (2), Piperales (5), Magnoliales (6), Laurales (7), Acorales (1), Alismatales (13), Petrosaviales (1), Dioscoreales (3), Pandanales (5), Liliales (10), Asparagales (14), Arecales (1), Poales (16), Commelinales (5), Zingiberales (8), Ceratophyllales (1), Ranunculales (7), Proteales (3), Trochodendrales (1), Buxales (2), Gunnerales (2), Saxifragales (14), Vitales (1), Zygophyllales (2), Celastrales (2), Oxalidales (7), Malpighiales (35), Fabales (4), Rosales (9), Fagales (7), Cucurbitales (7), Geraniales (3), Myrtales (9), Crossosomatales (7), Picramniales (1), Sapindales (9), Huerteales (3), Brassicales (17), Malvales (10), Berberidopsidales (2), Santalales (7), Caryophyllales (34), Cornales (6), Ericales (22), Garryales (2), Gentianales (5), Solanales (5), Lamiales (23), Aquifoliales (5), Asterales (11), Escalloniales (1), Bruniales (2), Apiales (7), Paracryphiales (1), Dipsacales (2).

SUPRA-ORDINAL GROUPS: commelinids (1), basal eudicots (1), Pentapetalae (1), lamiids incertae sedis (3), core lamiids (2), angiosperms incertae sedis (2).

The circumscription of the family Icacinaceae remains especially doubtful. Apodytes and its close relative, Rhaphiostylis, as well as Emmotum, Cassinopsis, and a few other genera were provisionally retained within it until further studies can determine whether they properly belong there.

Three genera (Gumillea, Nicobariodendron, and Petenaea) were placed within the angiosperms incertae sedis. Gumillea had been unplaced in APG II. Nicobariodendron and Petenaea were newly added to the list. The latter was later placed into its own family Petenaeaceae in the order Huertealescite-ref-6[6]cite-ref-7[7]

The classification is shown below in two versions. The short version goes to the level of orders and of families unplaced in an order. The detailed version shows all the families. Orders at the same level in the classification are arranged alphabetically. Note that orders may not contain the same families as in earlier versions of the APG system (APG system, APG II system). Further detail on relationships can be seen in the phylogenetic tree below.

Short version

• clade angiosperms order Amborellales order Nymphaeales order Austrobaileyales order Chloranthales clade magnoliids order Canellales order Laurales order Magnoliales order Piperales clade monocots order Acorales order Alismatales order Asparagales order Dioscoreales order Liliales order Pandanales order Petrosaviales clade commelinids family Dasypogonaceae—unplaced in an order order Arecales order Commelinales order Poales order Zingiberales probable sister of eudicots order Ceratophyllales clade eudicots family Sabiaceae—unplaced in an order order Buxales order Proteales order Ranunculales order Trochodendrales clade core eudicots family Dilleniaceae—unplaced in an order order Gunnerales order Saxifragales clade rosids order Vitales clade fabids (eurosids I) order Celastrales order Cucurbitales order Fabales order Fagales order Malpighiales order Oxalidales order Rosales order Zygophyllales clade malvids (eurosids II) order Brassicales order Crossosomatales order Geraniales order Huerteales order Malvales order Myrtales order Picramniales order Sapindales (back to core eudicots) order Berberidopsidales order Caryophyllales order Santalales clade asterids order Cornales order Ericales clade lamiids (euasterids I) family Boraginaceae—unplaced in an order family Vahliaceae—unplaced in an order family Icacinaceae—unplaced in an order family Metteniusaceae—unplaced in an order family Oncothecaceae—unplaced in an order order Garryales order Gentianales order Lamiales order Solanales clade campanulids (euasterids II) order Apiales order Aquifoliales order Asterales order Bruniales order Dipsacales order Escalloniales order Paracryphiales

Detailed version

Legend:

* = new family placement;
= newly recognized order for the APG system;
§ = new family circumscription described in the text;
$ = families that represent the broader circumscription of options available in APG II and favoured here;
$$ = families that were in square brackets in APG II, the narrower circumscriptions favoured here.

Angiosperms

• †Amborellales Melikyan, A.V.Bobrov & Zaytzeva

Amborellaceae Pichon

• †Nymphaeales Salisb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

• $$Cabombaceae Rich. ex A.Rich.
• *Hydatellaceae U.Hamann
• $$Nymphaeaceae Salisb.

Austrobaileyales Takht. ex Reveal

Austrobaileyaceae Croizat
• $Schisandraceae Blume (including Illiciaceae A.C.Sm.)
Trimeniaceae L.S.Gibbs

• †Chloranthales R.Br.

Chloranthaceae R.Br. ex Sims

Magnoliids

Canellales Cronquist

Canellaceae Mart.
Winteraceae R.Br. ex Lindl.

Piperales Bercht. & J.Presl

Aristolochiaceae Juss.
Hydnoraceae C.Agardh
Lactoridaceae Engl.
Piperaceae Giseke
Saururaceae F.Voigt

Laurales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

Calycanthaceae Lindl.
Gomortegaceae Reiche
Hernandiaceae Blume
Lauraceae Juss.
Monimiaceae Juss.
Siparunaceae Schodde

Magnoliales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

Annonaceae Juss.
Degeneriaceae I.W.Bailey & A.C.Sm.
Eupomatiaceae Orb.
Himantandraceae Diels
Magnoliaceae Juss.
Myristicaceae R.Br.

Monocots

Acorales Link

Acoraceae Martinov

Alismatales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

• §Alismataceae Vent. (including Limnocharitaceae Takht. ex Cronquist)
Aponogetonaceae Planch.
Araceae Juss.
Butomaceae Mirb.
Cymodoceaceae Vines
Hydrocharitaceae Juss.
Juncaginaceae Rich.
Posidoniaceae Vines
Potamogetonaceae Bercht. & J.Presl
Ruppiaceae Horan.
Scheuchzeriaceae F.Rudolphi
Tofieldiaceae Takht.
Zosteraceae Dumort.

• †Petrosaviales Takht.

Petrosaviaceae Hutch.

Dioscoreales R.Br.

Burmanniaceae Blume
Dioscoreaceae R.Br.
Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon

Pandanales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

Cyclanthaceae Poit. ex A.Rich.
Pandanaceae R.Br.
Stemonaceae Caruel
Triuridaceae Gardner
Velloziaceae J.Agardh

Liliales Perleb

• §Alstroemeriaceae Dumort. (including Luzuriagaceae Lotsy)
Campynemataceae Dumort.
Colchicaceae DC.
Liliaceae Juss.
Melanthiaceae Batsch ex Borkh.
• *Petermanniaceae Hutch.
Philesiaceae Dumort.
Ripogonaceae Conran & Clifford
Smilacaceae Vent.

Asparagales Link

• $Amaryllidaceae J.St.-Hil. (including Agapanthaceae F.Voigt, Alliaceae Borkh.)
• $Asparagaceae Juss. (including Agavaceae Dumort., Aphyllanthaceae Burnett, Hesperocallidaceae Traub, Hyacinthaceae Batsch ex Borkh., Laxmanniaceae Bubani, Ruscaceae M.Roem., Themidaceae Salisb.)
Asteliaceae Dumort.
Blandfordiaceae R.Dahlgren & Clifford
Boryaceae M.W.Chase, Rudall & Conran
Doryanthaceae R.Dahlgren & Clifford
Hypoxidaceae R.Br.
Iridaceae Juss.
Ixioliriaceae Nakai
Lanariaceae R.Dahlgren & A.E.van Wyk
Orchidaceae Juss.
Tecophilaeaceae Leyb.
• $Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort. (including Asphodelaceae Juss. and Hemerocallidaceae R.Br.)
Xeronemataceae M.W.Chase, Rudall & M.F.Fay

Commelinids

Dasypogonaceae Dumort.
Arecales Bromhead

Arecaceae Bercht. & J.Presl

Commelinales Mirb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

Commelinaceae Mirb.
Haemodoraceae R.Br.
Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw
Philydraceae Link
Pontederiaceae Kunth

Poales Small

Anarthriaceae D.F.Cutler & Airy Shaw
Bromeliaceae Juss.
Centrolepidaceae Endl.
Cyperaceae Juss.
Ecdeiocoleaceae D.F.Cutler & Airy Shaw
Eriocaulaceae Martinov
Flagellariaceae Dumort.
Joinvilleaceae Toml. & A.C.Sm.
Juncaceae Juss.
Mayacaceae Kunth
Poaceae Barnhart
Rapateaceae Dumort.
Restionaceae R.Br.
Thurniaceae Engl.
• §Typhaceae Juss. (including Sparganiaceae Hanin)
Xyridaceae C.Agardh

Zingiberales Griseb.

Cannaceae Juss.
Costaceae Nakai
Heliconiaceae Vines
Lowiaceae Ridl.
Marantaceae R.Br.
Musaceae Juss.
Strelitziaceae Hutch.
Zingiberaceae Martinov

Probable sister of eudicots



Eudicots

Ranunculales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

Berberidaceae Juss.
• $Circaeasteraceae Hutch. (including Kingdoniaceae Airy Shaw)
Eupteleaceae K.Wilh.
Lardizabalaceae R.Br.
Menispermaceae Juss.
• $Papaveraceae Juss. (including Fumariaceae Marquis, Pteridophyllaceae Nakai ex Reveal & Hoogland)
Ranunculaceae Juss.

Sabiaceae Blume
Proteales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

Nelumbonaceae A.Rich.
• $$Platanaceae T.Lestib.
• $$Proteaceae Juss.

• †Trochodendrales Takht. ex Cronquist

• $Trochodendraceae Eichler (including Tetracentraceae A.C.Sm.)

• †Buxales Takht. ex Reveal

• $Buxaceae Dumort. (including Didymelaceae Leandri)
• *Haptanthaceae C.Nelson

Core eudicots

Gunnerales Takht. ex Reveal

• $$Myrothamnaceae Nied.

Dilleniaceae Salisb.
Saxifragales Bercht. & J.Presl

Altingiaceae Horan.
Aphanopetalaceae Doweld
Crassulaceae J.St.-Hil.
Daphniphyllaceae Müll.-Arg.
• $$Haloragaceae R.Br.
Hamamelidaceae R.Br.
• $Iteaceae J.Agardh (including Pterostemonaceae Small)
Paeoniaceae Raf.
• $$Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britt.
• *§Peridiscaceae Kuhlm. (including Medusandraceae Brenan, Soyauxia Oliver)
Saxifragaceae Juss.
• $$Tetracarpaeaceae Nakai

• †Berberidopsidales Doweld

Aextoxicaceae Engl. & Gilg
Berberidopsidaceae Takht.

Santalales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

• *Balanophoraceae Rich.
Loranthaceae Juss.
Misodendraceae J.Agardh
Santalaceae R.Br.
Olacaceae R.Br.
Opiliaceae Valeton
• *Schoepfiaceae Blume

Caryophyllales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

Achatocarpaceae Heimerl
Aizoaceae Martinov
Amaranthaceae Juss.
• *Anacampserotaceae Eggli & Nyffeler
Ancistrocladaceae Planch. ex Walp.
Asteropeiaceae Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland
Barbeuiaceae Nakai
Basellaceae Raf.
Cactaceae Juss.
Caryophyllaceae Juss.
• §Didiereaceae Radlk.
Dioncophyllaceae Airy Shaw
Droseraceae Salisb.
Drosophyllaceae Chrtek, Slavíková & Studnicka
Frankeniaceae Desv.
Gisekiaceae Nakai
Halophytaceae A.Soriano
• *Limeaceae Shipunov ex Reveal
• *Lophiocarpaceae Doweld & Reveal
• §Molluginaceae Bartl.
• *Montiaceae Raf.
Nepenthaceae Dumort.
Nyctaginaceae Juss.
Physenaceae Takht.
Phytolaccaceae R.Br.
Plumbaginaceae Juss.
Polygonaceae Juss.
• §Portulacaceae Juss.
Rhabdodendraceae Prance
Sarcobataceae Behnke
Simmondsiaceae Tiegh.
• *Talinaceae Doweld
Tamaricaceae Link

Rosids

• †Vitales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

Vitaceae Juss.

Fabids ( eurosids I )

• †Zygophyllales Link

• $$Krameriaceae Dumort.
• $$Zygophyllaceae R.Br.

Celastrales Link

• $Celastraceae R.Br. (including Lepuropetalaceae Nakai, Parnassiaceae Martinov, Pottingeriaceae Takht.)
Lepidobotryaceae J.Léonard

Oxalidales Bercht. & J.Presl

Brunelliaceae Engl.
Cephalotaceae Dumort.
Connaraceae R.Br.
Cunoniaceae R.Br.
Elaeocarpaceae Juss. ex DC.
• *Huaceae A.Chev.
Oxalidaceae R.Br.

Malpighiales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

Achariaceae Harms
Balanopaceae Benth. & Hook.f.
Bonnetiaceae L.Beauvis. ex Nakai
• *Calophyllaceae J.Agardh
Caryocaraceae Voigt
• *Centroplacaceae Doweld & Reveal
• $$Chrysobalanaceae R.Br.
• §Clusiaceae Lindl.
Ctenolophonaceae Exell & Mendonça
• $$Dichapetalaceae Baill.
Elatinaceae Dumort.
• $$§Erythroxylaceae Kunth (including Aneulophus Benth.)
Euphorbiaceae Juss.
• $$Euphroniaceae Marc.-Berti
Goupiaceae Miers
Humiriaceae A.Juss.
Hypericaceae Juss.
Irvingiaceae Exell & Mendonça
Ixonanthaceae Planch. ex Miq.
Lacistemataceae Mart.
Linaceae DC. ex Perleb
Lophopyxidaceae H.Pfeiff.
Malpighiaceae Juss.
• $Ochnaceae DC. (including Medusagynaceae Engl. & Gilg, Quiinaceae Choisy)
Pandaceae Engl. & Gilg
• $Passifloraceae Juss. ex Roussel (including Malesherbiaceae D.Don, Turneraceae Kunth ex DC.)
Phyllanthaceae Martinov
Picrodendraceae Small
Podostemaceae Rich. ex Kunth
Putranjivaceae Meisn.
• *Rafflesiaceae Dumort.
• $$Rhizophoraceae Pers.
Salicaceae Mirb.
• $$Trigoniaceae A.Juss.
Violaceae Batsch

Cucurbitales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

Anisophylleaceae Ridl.
Begoniaceae C.Agardh
Coriariaceae DC.
Corynocarpaceae Engl.
Cucurbitaceae Juss.
Datiscaceae Dumort.
Tetramelaceae Airy Shaw

Fabales Bromhead

Fabaceae Lindl.
Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link
Quillajaceae D.Don
Surianaceae Arn.

Fagales Engl.

Betulaceae Gray
Casuarinaceae R.Br.
Fagaceae Dumort.
• §Juglandaceae DC. ex Perleb (including Rhoipteleaceae Hand.-Mazz.)
Myricaceae A.Rich. ex Kunth
Nothofagaceae Kuprian
Ticodendraceae Gómez-Laur. & L.D.Gómez

Rosales Bercht. & J.Presl

Barbeyaceae Rendle
Cannabaceae Martinov
Dirachmaceae Hutch.
Elaeagnaceae Juss.
Moraceae Gaudich.
Rhamnaceae Juss.
Rosaceae Juss.
Ulmaceae Mirb.
Urticaceae Juss.

malvids ( eurosids II )

Geraniales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

• $Geraniaceae Juss. (including Hypseocharitaceae Wedd.)
• $Melianthaceae Horan. (including Francoaceae A.Juss.)
• §Vivianiaceae Klotzsch (including Ledocarpaceae Meyen)

Myrtales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

Alzateaceae S.A.Graham
Combretaceae R.Br.
Crypteroniaceae A.DC.
Lythraceae J.St.-Hil.
• $Melastomataceae Juss. (including Memecylaceae DC.)
• §Myrtaceae Juss. (including Heteropyxidaceae Engl. & Gilg, Psiloxylaceae Croizat)
Onagraceae Juss.
• §Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill. (including Oliniaceae Arn., Rhynchocalycaceae L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs)
Vochysiaceae A.St.-Hil.

Crossosomatales Takht. ex Reveal

• *Aphloiaceae Takht.
Crossosomataceae Engl.
• *Geissolomataceae A.DC.
• *Guamatelaceae S.Oh & D.Potter
Stachyuraceae J.Agardh
Staphyleaceae Martinov
• *§Strasburgeriaceae Soler. (including Ixerbaceae Griseb. ex Doweld & Reveal)

• †Picramniales Doweld

• *Picramniaceae Fernando & Quinn

• †Huerteales Doweld

• *Dipentodontaceae Merr.
• *Gerrardinaceae Alford
Tapisciaceae Takht.

Brassicales Bromhead

• $Akaniaceae Stapf (including Bretschneideraceae Engl. & Gilg)
Bataceae Mart. ex Perleb
• §Brassicaceae Burnett
• *Capparaceae Juss.
Caricaceae Dumort.
• *Cleomaceae Bercht. & J.Presl
Emblingiaceae J.Agardh
Gyrostemonaceae A.Juss.
Koeberliniaceae Engl.
Limnanthaceae R.Br.
Moringaceae Martinov
Pentadiplandraceae Hutch. & Dalziel
Resedaceae Martinov
Salvadoraceae Lindl.
Tovariaceae Pax
Tropaeolaceae Juss. ex DC.

Malvales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

• $Bixaceae Kunth (including Cochlospermaceae Planch., Diegodendraceae Capuron)
Cistaceae Juss.
• *Cytinaceae A.Rich.
Dipterocarpaceae Blume
Malvaceae Juss.
Muntingiaceae C.Bayer, M.W.Chase & M.F.Fay
Neuradaceae Kostel.
Sarcolaenaceae Caruel
Sphaerosepalaceae Tiegh. ex Bullock
Thymelaeaceae Juss.

Sapindales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

Anacardiaceae R.Br.
Biebersteiniaceae Schnizl.
Burseraceae Kunth
Kirkiaceae Takht.
Meliaceae Juss.
• $Nitrariaceae Lindl. (including Peganaceae Tiegh. ex Takht., Tetradiclidaceae Takht.)
Rutaceae Juss.
Sapindaceae Juss.
Simaroubaceae DC.

Asterids

Cornales Link.

Cornaceae Bercht. & J.Presl (including Nyssaceae Juss. ex Dumort.)
Curtisiaceae Takht.
Grubbiaceae Endl. ex Meisn.
Hydrangeaceae Dumort.
Hydrostachyaceae Engl.
Loasaceae Juss.

Ericales Bercht. & J.Presl

Actinidiaceae Engl. & Gilg.
Balsaminaceae A.Rich.
Clethraceae Klotzsch
Cyrillaceae Lindl.
Diapensiaceae Lindl.
Ebenaceae Gürke
Ericaceae Juss.
Lecythidaceae A.Rich.
Marcgraviaceae Bercht. & J.Presl
• *Mitrastemonaceae Makino
• $Pentaphylacaceae Engl. (including Ternstroemiaceae Mirb. ex DC.)
Polemoniaceae Juss.
• §Primulaceae Batsch ex Borkh. (including Maesaceae Anderb., B.Ståhl & Källersjö, Myrsinaceae R.Br., Theophrastaceae G.Don)
Roridulaceae Martinov
Sapotaceae Juss.
Sarraceniaceae Dumort.
• $$Sladeniaceae Airy Shaw
Styracaceae DC. & Spreng.
Symplocaceae Desf.
• $Tetrameristaceae Hutch. (including Pellicieraceae L.Beauvis.)
Theaceae Mirb. ex Ker Gawl.

lamiids ( euasterids I )

• §*Boraginaceae Juss. (including Hoplestigmataceae Gilg)
Vahliaceae Dandy
Icacinaceae Miers
Metteniusaceae H.Karst. ex Schnizl.
Oncothecaceae Kobuski ex Airy Shaw
Garryales Lindl.

Eucommiaceae Engl.
• $Garryaceae Lindl. (including Aucubaceae Bercht. & J.Presl)

Gentianales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

Apocynaceae Juss.
Gelsemiaceae Struwe & V.A.Albert
Gentianaceae Juss.
Loganiaceae R.Br. ex Mart.
Rubiaceae Juss.

Lamiales Bromhead

• §Acanthaceae Juss.
Bignoniaceae Juss.
Byblidaceae Domin
Calceolariaceae Olmstead
Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw
Gesneriaceae Rich. & Juss.
Lamiaceae Martinov
• *Linderniaceae Borsch, K.Müll., & Eb.Fisch.
Lentibulariaceae Rich.
Martyniaceae Horan.
Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link
Orobanchaceae Vent.
Paulowniaceae Nakai
Pedaliaceae R.Br.
Phrymaceae Schauer
• §Plantaginaceae Juss.
Plocospermataceae Hutch.
Schlegeliaceae Reveal
Scrophulariaceae Juss.
Stilbaceae Kunth
Tetrachondraceae Wettst.
• *Thomandersiaceae Sreem.
Verbenaceae J.St.-Hil.

Solanales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

Convolvulaceae Juss.
Hydroleaceae R.Br. ex Edwards
Montiniaceae Nakai
Solanaceae Juss.
Sphenocleaceae T.Baskerv.

campanulids ( euasterids II )

Aquifoliales Senft

Aquifoliaceae Bercht. & J.Presl
• §Cardiopteridaceae Blume (including Leptaulaceae Tiegh.)
Helwingiaceae Decne.
Phyllonomaceae Small
Stemonuraceae Kårehed

Asterales Link

Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw
Argophyllaceae Takht.
Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl
Calyceraceae R.Br. ex Rich.
• $Campanulaceae Juss. (including Lobeliaceae Juss.)
Goodeniaceae R.Br.
Menyanthaceae Dumort.
Pentaphragmataceae J.Agardh
Phellinaceae Takht.
Rousseaceae DC.
• $Stylidiaceae R.Br. (including Donatiaceae B.Chandler)

• †Escalloniales R.Br.

• §Escalloniaceae R.Br. ex Dumort. (including Eremosynaceae Dandy, Polyosmaceae Blume, Tribelaceae Airy Shaw)

• †Bruniales Dumort.

Bruniaceae R.Br. ex DC.
• §Columelliaceae D.Don (including Desfontainiaceae Endl.)

• †Paracryphiales Takht. ex Reveal

• §Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw (including *Quintiniaceae Doweld, Sphenostemonaceae P.Royen & Airy Shaw)

Dipsacales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl

Adoxaceae E.Mey.
• §Caprifoliaceae Juss. (including Diervillaceae Pyck, Dipsacaceae Juss., Linnaeaceae Backlund, Morinaceae Raf., Valerianaceae Batsch)

Apiales Nakai

Apiaceae Lindl. (including Mackinlayaceae)
Araliaceae Juss.
Griseliniaceae J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. ex A.Cunn.
Myodocarpaceae Doweld
Pennantiaceae J.Agardh
Pittosporaceae R.Br.
• §Torricelliaceae Hu (including Aralidiaceae Philipson & B.C.Stone, Melanophyllaceae Takht. ex Airy Shaw)

Taxa of uncertain position

Apodanthaceae Takht. (three genera, now in Cucurbitales)
Cynomoriaceae Endl. ex Lindl.
Gumillea Ruiz & Pav.
Petenaea Lundell (now in Huerteales)
Nicobariodendron (see Simmons, 2004; probably in Celastraceae).

Phylogeny

The APG III system was based on a phylogenetic tree for the angiosperms which included all of the 59 orders and 4 of the unplaced families. The systematic positions of the other 6 unplaced families was so uncertain that they could not be placed in any of the polytomies in the tree. They are shown in the classification table entitled "Detailed version" above, 4 in Euasterids I and 2 in Taxa of uncertain position.

The phylogenetic tree shown below was published with the APG III system,cite-ref-apgiii-1-2[1] but without some of the labels that are added here.

Subfamilies replacing discontinued families

A number of subfamilies have been proposed to replace some of the families which were optional (i.e. bracketed) in APG II, but have been discontinued in APG III.cite-ref-8[8] These are shown in the table below.

| APG II bracketed family | APG III family: subfamily |
|---|---|
| Agapanthaceae | Amaryllidaceae: Agapanthoideae |
| Agavaceae | Asparagaceae: Agavoideae |
| Alliaceae | Amaryllidaceae: Allioideae |
| Amaryllidaceae | Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllidoideae |
| Aphyllanthaceae | Asparagaceae: Aphyllanthoideae |
| Asparagaceae | Asparagaceae: Asparagoideae |
| Asphodelaceae | Xanthorrhoeaceae: Asphodeloideae |
| Hemerocallidaceae | Xanthorrhoeaceae: Hemerocallidoideae |
| Hesperocallidaceae | Asparagaceae: Agavoideae |
| Hyacinthaceae | Asparagaceae: Scilloideae |
| Laxmanniaceae | Asparagaceae: Lomandroideae |
| Ruscaceae | Asparagaceae: Nolinoideae |
| Themidaceae | Asparagaceae: Brodiaeoideae |
| Xanthorrhoeaceae | Xanthorrhoeaceae: Xanthorrhoeoideae |

References

cite-note-apgiii-11. citerefangiosperm-phylogeny-group2009Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 105–121, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x, hdl:10654/18083
cite-note-22. As easy as APG III - Scientists revise the system of classifying flowering plants, The Linnean Society of London, 2009-10-08, retrieved 2009-10-29
cite-note-33. APG III tidies up plant family tree, Horticulture Week, 2009-10-08, retrieved 2009-10-29
cite-note-44. citerefchasereveal2009Chase, Mark W. & Reveal, James L. (2009), "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 122–127, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x
cite-note-55. Haston, E., Richardson, J.E., Stevens, P.F., Chase, M.W., Harris, D.J. (2009) The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161, 128–131.
cite-note-66. Christenhusz, M. J. M., M. F. Fay, J. J. Clarkson, P. Gasson, J. Morales Can, J. B. Jimenez Barrios & M. W. Chase (2010). Petenaeaceae, a new angiosperm family in Huerteales with a distant relationship to Gerrardina (Gerrardinaceae), Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 164: 16-25. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01074.x/abstract
cite-note-77. Christenhusz, M. J. M., M. W. Chase, & M.F.Fay (2011). Preface to "Linear sequence, classification, synonymy, and bibliography of vascular plants: Lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms", Phytotaxa 19: 4–6. http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p006.pdf
cite-note-88. citerefchaserevealfay2009Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009), "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 132–136, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x

External links

• The APG III paper: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III
• The LAPG III paper: The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III
• The phylogenetic classification of land plants paper: A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III
• Angiosperm Phylogeny Website at the Missouri Botanical Garden website